Prove

Let f be a continuous function on [0,1] such that for all x\in[0,\,1],
\int_x^1 f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t \geq \dfrac{1-x^2}{2}
Prove that
\int_0^1 f^2(t)\ \mathrm{d}t \geq \dfrac{1}{3}

Here, f2(x) means (f(x))2.

Also, determine the function for which the equality holds.

9 Answers

1
archana anand ·

applyin newton libnizt formula

-f(x)=-x
so
f2(x)=x2.

integertating x2from 0to1 we get answer as 1/3

1
Samarth Kashyap ·

\int_{x}^{1}{f(t)}dt \geq \frac{1-x^{2}}{2}

applying liebinz rule,-f(x)\geq -x

squaring both sidesf^{2}(x)\geq x^{2}

integratring between the limits 0 and 1 we get \int_{0}^{1}{f^{2}(x)}dx\geq \int_{0}^{1}{}x^{2}dx

therefore,\int_{0}^{1}{f^{2}(x)}dx\geq \frac{1}{3}

equality holds when f(x)=x

am i correct, sir??

1
Samarth Kashyap ·

oh, we were typing together[1]

1
archana anand ·

hehe[1]

66
kaymant ·

The correct answer does not always means that the method is correct. For example,
\dfrac{64}{16}=\dfrac{64\!\!\!\!\!\!/}{16\!\!\!/}=4
gives the correct result but obviously is wrong.

The point is that you cannot differentiate an inequality. Otherwise, we see that, for example,
\cos x \ge \sin x \quad \forall \ x\in [0,\,\pi/4]
Differentiating both sides w.r.t x, we get
-\sin x \ge \cos x \quad \forall \ x\in [0,\,\pi/4]
which is obviously wrong.

That's why both the solutions above are wrong.

9
Celestine preetham ·

hint

x1∫ x.dx = (1- x2 )/2

1
Honey Arora ·

this hint has the whole soln in itself

1
Samarth Kashyap ·

f(x)\geq g(x) for x\epsilon [a,b]

f(x+h)\geq g(x+h) for (x+h)\epsilon [a,b]

-g(x)\geq -f(x)

so, the inequality f(x+h)-f(x)\geq g(x+h)-g(x) is not correct..
.\frac{f(x+h)-f(x)}{h}\geq \frac{g(x+h)-g(x)}{h}

f`(x)\geq g`(x)
is not true

is this why we cannot differentiate an inequality??
is integration allowed on inequalities??

also pls post the right method for the problem

66
kaymant ·

One can integrate both sides of an inequality if and only if the inequality is true for the entire interval of integration.
For the present problem, since for all x\in[0,\,1],
\int_x^1f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t \geq \dfrac{1-x^2}{2}
we get
\int_0^1\left(\int_x^1f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t\right)\mathrm{d}x \geq \int_0^1\dfrac{1-x^2}{2}\mathrm{d}x ------------- (1)
Integrate the LHS by parts taking 1 as the second function and \int_x^1f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t as the first one:
\left|x\int_x^1f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t\right|_0^1 -\int_0^1\left(\int_x^1f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t\right)^\prime x \ \mathrm{d}x
The first term evaluates to zero and noting that \left(\int_x^1f(t)\ \mathrm{d}t\right)^\prime =-f(x), we get from (1)
\int_0^1xf(x)\ \mathrm{d}x \geq \dfrac{1}{3}
Finally, from Cauchy Schwarz, we get
\dfrac{1}{9}\leq \left(\int_0^1f(x)\ \mathrm{d}x\right)^2\leq \int_0^1x^2\ \mathrm{d}x \int_0^1f^2(x)\ \mathrm{d}x
i.e.
\dfrac{1}{9}\leq \dfrac{1}{3} \int_0^1f^2(x)\ \mathrm{d}x
from where it follows that \int_0^1f^2(x)\ \mathrm{d}x \ge \dfrac{1}{3}

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