Physical Chemistry Concepts - 1

Differentiate and give examples of the following:

1. Isotopes
2. Isobars
3. Nuclear Isomers
4. Isosters
5. Isotones
6. Isoelectronics
7. Isodiaphers

Note: Knowing this is important as many match the following, objective questions can be made from the above.

1 Answers

i'm just mentioning the unheard ones.

Isotones same number of neutrons , but hs different nucleons and thus different atomic number.
e.g. - Ar , K

Nuclear Isomers different nucleur energy levels , but same atomic and mass no.
e.g. - most radioactive elements show this

Isosters same no. of atoms and same no. of electrons.
( this is fr molecules)
e.g. - CO₂ , N₂O

Isodiaphers same value of (N - P). this quantity is isotopic excess mass.
( N â†’ no. of neutrons , P â†’ no. of protons )
e.g. - U²³⁵ , Th²³¹

√ √ || {} [] () → ~ ^ x x x → → ln log lg lim lim cos sin tan cot arcsin arccos arctan

∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∫ ∬ ∬ ∬ ∬ ∬ ∭ ∭ ∭ ∭ ∭ ⨌ ⨌ ⨌ ⨌ ⨌

∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∑ ∮ ∮ ∮ ∮ ∮ ∏ ∏ ∏ ∏ ∏ ∐ ∐ ∐ ∐ ∐

+ - × ÷ ± ∓ = ∪ ∩ ≠ ∼ ≈ ∅ ∀ ∃ ∈ ∋ ∝ ≤ ≥ ≃ ≅ ≡ < > ≪ ≫ ⊂ ∉ ⊃ ⊆ ⊇ ⇒ ⇐ ⇔ ⇒ ⇐ ⇔ ⇑ ⇓ ⇕ → ← ↔ → ← ↔ ↑ ↓ ↕ ↖ ↗ ↘ ↙ ↪ ↩ ⇀ ↼ ⇁ ↽

° ∂ ∞ α β γ δ θ λ μ ν ξ π ρ σ φ ω ε ƒ κ τ υ Γ Δ Λ Σ Π Ω