In case of fuming nitric acid,
2HNO3\Leftrightarrow NO2+ + NO3- + H2O
Thus a nucleophile is formed along with an electrophile.if HNO3 is used,then product by electrophilic substitution will decrease.
Can fuming nitric acid be used instead of nitration mixture to carry out nitration of benzene ??
In case of fuming nitric acid,
2HNO3\Leftrightarrow NO2+ + NO3- + H2O
Thus a nucleophile is formed along with an electrophile.if HNO3 is used,then product by electrophilic substitution will decrease.