39If you're referring to old atomic theories, they have become outdated...they are based mostly on assumptions. The newer quantum theories are based on observed facts. Atoms are assumed to be spherical balls...they can be in any haphazard shape. The p, d and f molecular orbitals show you that...even the s orbital, with a spherically symmetrical eigenfunction but not spherical in shape.
You should check this out -> http://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=128169
